Conditions We Treat – A to Z

Common symptoms

• •Unilateral hearing loss or persistent ringing in the ear
• •Balance difficulties or vertigo episodes
• •Facial numbness as tumours enlarge

Treatment focus

• •Serial MRI surveillance for small, asymptomatic tumours
• •Hearing-preserving microsurgery with facial nerve monitoring

Common symptoms

• •Shoulder and arm weakness or paralysis after trauma
• •Severe burning nerve pain or altered sensation
• •Loss of fine motor control in the hand

Treatment focus

• •MRI neurography and nerve conduction studies for mapping
• •Microsurgical nerve grafts or transfers in eligible cases

Common symptoms

• •Sudden severe headache often described as thunderclap
• •Vision changes, neck stiffness, or loss of consciousness
• •Neurological deficits following rupture

Treatment focus

• •Emergency stabilisation and blood pressure control
• •Microsurgical clipping or endovascular coiling

Common symptoms

• •Persistent headaches, especially in the morning
• •Seizures or focal neurological deficits
• •Personality or cognitive changes

Treatment focus

• •Awake mapping and neuronavigation for maximal safe resection
• •Multidisciplinary tumour board for adjuvant therapy planning

Common symptoms

• •Numbness and tingling in the thumb, index, and middle fingers
• •Night-time pain that improves by shaking the hand
• •Grip weakness making it difficult to hold objects

Treatment focus

• •Nerve conduction studies to confirm severity
• •Mini-open release under local anaesthesia with same-day discharge

Common symptoms

• •Radiating arm pain and tingling in specific dermatomes
• •Grip weakness or loss of dexterity
• •Neck stiffness with limited range of motion

Treatment focus

• •Medications, physiotherapy, and cervical traction initially
• •Endoscopic or microscopic discectomy for persistent deficits

Common symptoms

• •Hand clumsiness and difficulty with buttons or writing
• •Unsteady gait and frequent falls
• •Electric shock sensations down the spine on neck flexion

Treatment focus

• •MRI screening and neuromonitoring for severity
• •Anterior or posterior decompression with fusion as needed

Common symptoms

• •Occipital headaches worsened by coughing or exertion
• •Balance difficulties and dizziness
• •Tingling or weakness in the hands

Treatment focus

• •MRI with CSF flow studies to assess severity
• •Posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty if indicated

Common symptoms

• •Chronic axial back or neck pain that fluctuates with activity
• •Stiffness after prolonged sitting or standing
• •Occasional radiation to limbs without severe nerve compression

Treatment focus

• •Core strengthening, posture correction, and physiotherapy
• •Pain modulation with targeted injections when needed

Common symptoms

• •Sharp leg pain radiating below the knee
• •Foot numbness or weakness in severe cases
• •Pain aggravated by sitting, coughing, or bending

Treatment focus

• •Structured physiotherapy and medications for initial care
• •Full endoscopic discectomy for persistent neurological deficits

Common symptoms

• •Recurrent seizures despite optimal medication
• •Post-ictal confusion impacting quality of life
• •Aura symptoms indicating focal seizure onset

Treatment focus

• •Video EEG, PET/MRI, and neuropsych assessments
• •Stereo-EEG or Wada testing for eloquent cortex mapping

Common symptoms

• •Seizures or progressive neurological deficits
• •MRI showing infiltrative mass with edema
• •Cognitive or personality changes

Treatment focus

• •Maximal safe resection with functional mapping
• •Molecular profiling for targeted therapies

Common symptoms

• •Headache, vomiting, and papilledema due to raised pressure
• •Gait disturbance and cognitive decline in adults
• •Bulging fontanelle or rapid head growth in infants

Treatment focus

• •Neuroimaging with CSF flow studies
• •Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive cases

Common symptoms

• •Leg heaviness or cramping when walking
• •Relief on sitting or leaning forward
• •MRI showing canal narrowing at lumbar levels

Treatment focus

• •Physiotherapy and epidural injections initially
• •Endoscopic ULBD to decompress while preserving stability

Common symptoms

• •Gradual headaches or seizures
• •Vision or cranial nerve deficits for skull base tumours
• •MRI showing dural-based enhancing lesion

Treatment focus

• •Simpson grade-guided resection aiming for dural attachment removal
• •Reconstruction of skull base defects when needed

Common symptoms

• •Headache, seizures, or focal neurological deficits
• •Known primary cancer with new brain lesions
• •Edema and mass effect on imaging

Treatment focus

• •Microsurgical resection for symptomatic masses
• •Radiosurgery or whole-brain radiotherapy as indicated

Common symptoms

• •Magnetic gait with short, shuffling steps
• •Memory impairment mimicking dementia
• •Urgency or urinary incontinence

Treatment focus

• •Diagnostic CSF tap test to confirm benefit
• •Programmable ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placement

Common symptoms

• •Hormonal changes such as amenorrhea or acromegaly
• •Vision loss from optic chiasm compression
• •Headaches or incidental discovery on imaging

Treatment focus

• •Endoscopic endonasal resection with ENT collaboration
• •Endocrine optimisation pre- and post-operatively

Common symptoms

• •Sharp, shooting pain following nerve root distribution
• •Numbness or weakness in corresponding muscle groups
• •Pain aggravated by specific spine movements

Treatment focus

• •Targeted physiotherapy and medications
• •Selective nerve root blocks for diagnostic and therapeutic relief

Common symptoms

• •Burning or electric shock pain running down the leg
• •Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the foot
• •Pain exacerbated by sitting or long drives

Treatment focus

• •Physiotherapy, anti-inflammatories, and lifestyle adjustments
• •Epidural steroid injections for persistent pain

Common symptoms

• •Recurrent convulsions or episodes of staring spells
• •Memory lapses or confusion after events
• •Triggers such as sleep deprivation or flashing lights

Treatment focus

• •Comprehensive neurologic evaluation and medication optimisation
• •Ambulatory EEG and imaging to localise focus

Common symptoms

• •Band-like pain or numbness around the torso
• •Progressive weakness or spasticity in limbs
• •Bowel or bladder dysfunction in advanced cases

Treatment focus

• •MRI with contrast to define tumour extent
• •Microsurgical resection with neuromonitoring

Common symptoms

• •Mechanical back pain with hamstring tightness
• •Radicular symptoms or neurogenic claudication
• •Step-off palpable in lumbar spine on exam

Treatment focus

• •Physiotherapy focusing on core strengthening
• •Bracing and pain modulation when appropriate

Common symptoms

• •Electric shock-like facial pain lasting seconds
• •Triggers such as brushing, chewing, or wind exposure
• •Pain-free intervals that shorten over time

Treatment focus

• •Medication titration (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine)
• •Microvascular decompression for durable relief

Common symptoms

• •Seizures or focal deficits due to haemorrhage
• •Headache or neurological decline
• •Characteristic MRI/angiography findings

Treatment focus

• •Multidisciplinary planning with interventional neuroradiology
• •Microsurgical excision for accessible lesions